Why Angkor Thom is Special

Angkor Thom is one of the most important and iconic historical sites in Cambodia, renowned for its impressive architecture, stunning temples, and rich cultural significance. Located in the heart of the Angkor Archaeological Park, Angkor Thom was the last capital city of the Khmer Empire and remains a testament to the grandeur and artistic achievements of the Angkorian civilization.

Founded by King Jayavarman VII in the late 12th century, Angkor Thom is a monumental complex that includes towering gates, temples, and ancient structures, with its centerpiece being the Bayon Temple, famous for its 200+ stone faces. The city is an architectural marvel and is often referred to as a “city of temples,” showcasing the spiritual and political center of the Khmer Empire at its height.

History and Cultural Significance

Angkor Thom was established by King Jayavarman VII after his victory over the Chams in the late 12th century. It covers an area of approximately 9 square kilometers, making it one of the largest ancient cities in Southeast Asia. Unlike earlier capitals, which were primarily Hindu, Angkor Thom was built as a Buddhist city, reflecting King Jayavarman VII’s dedication to Mahayana Buddhism.

The city's layout is perfectly aligned with the cardinal directions, and its central temple, Bayon, symbolized the king's belief in the interconnectedness of the Buddhist and Hindu pantheons. Angkor Thom also served as the administrative, military, and religious center of the empire, with the king residing in the Baphuon Temple, a royal temple located within the city.

Some of the most important structures within Angkor Thom include:

1. The South Gate

The South Gate of Angkor Thom is one of the most iconic features of the city, with its stone face towers and a dramatic causeway lined with giant statues of gods and demons. The gate serves as the entrance to the city and is one of the most photographed locations within the Angkor complex.

2. Bayon Temple

The Bayon Temple is the crown jewel of Angkor Thom, famous for its 200+ stone faces of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara. This temple is one of the most distinctive and mysterious in all of Angkor, with its enigmatic stone faces gazing out from every direction. It was built as the state temple of King Jayavarman VII, and its many smiling faces are believed to represent the king himself or the Bodhisattva.

3. Baphuon Temple

The Baphuon Temple is another important structure within Angkor Thom, initially built during the reign of Udayadityavarman II (11th century) and later restored by Jayavarman VII. It is an enormous pyramid-style temple that once served as a state temple, but its steep climb and grand scale make it an awe-inspiring sight today.

4. Phimeanakas

Phimeanakas, another key temple within Angkor Thom, is believed to have been a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Shiva before being later repurposed for Buddhist rituals. Its terraced structure is topped by a central tower, offering panoramic views of the surrounding area.

5. Terrace of the Elephants

This terrace was used by the king for public ceremonies and is famous for its intricate carvings of elephants and lions. It was also a site for military processions, and its name comes from the detailed elephant carvings found along the walls.

6. Terrace of the Leper King

The Terrace of the Leper King features a unique and mysterious statue of a king believed to be a representation of King Jayavarman VII, known for his work in establishing the Buddhist faith in Cambodia. Its carvings depict scenes of divine figures, and its name comes from the legend that a statue found here once resembled a leper king.

Visiting Information

Location

• Address: Angkor Thom, Siem Reap, Cambodia
• Coordinates: 13.4120° N, 103.8670° E
• Angkor Thom is located within the Angkor Archaeological Park and is easily accessible from Siem Reap.

Opening Hours

• Daily: 7:30 AM – 5:30 PM
  • It’s best to visit early in the morning to avoid the heat and crowds.

Admission Fee

• The entrance fee for the Angkor Archaeological Park, which includes Angkor Thom and other sites, is:
  • 1-Day Pass: $37 USD
  • 3-Day Pass: $62 USD
  • 7-Day Pass: $72 USD
  • Tickets are valid for entry into all temples within the park, including Bayon, Angkor Wat, and Ta Prohm.

Guided Tours

• To make the most of your visit, consider hiring a local guide who can provide detailed historical context and insights into the art and architecture of Angkor Thom. Audio guides are also available at the entrance.

Travel Tips

1. Dress Modestly

• As Angkor Thom is a religious and historical site, it’s important to dress modestly. Cover your shoulders and knees, and avoid revealing clothing. Comfortable walking shoes are also recommended, as the temple grounds can be large and uneven.

2. Stay Hydrated

• The temperature in Siem Reap can be hot, especially during midday, so be sure to carry water with you. You can purchase bottled water from vendors at the entrances to the park.

3. Photography Tips

• Angkor Thom is a photographer's paradise, but be mindful of the light. The best time for photography is in the early morning or late afternoon when the light is softer and the crowds are thinner.

4. Take Time to Explore

• Angkor Thom is vast, and there are many hidden corners to explore. Plan to spend at least half a day in the area to fully appreciate its beauty and history.

5. Respect Local Customs

• If you are visiting during a religious ceremony, be respectful of local customs. Always ask for permission before taking photographs of monks or worshippers.

Nearby Attractions

1. Angkor Wat

• Angkor Wat is just a short distance from Angkor Thom and is the largest religious monument in the world. Its majestic architecture and intricate carvings make it a must-see during your visit to Siem Reap.

2. Ta Prohm

• Famous for being overtaken by giant tree roots, Ta Prohm is one of the most photogenic temples in the Angkor Archaeological Park and was famously featured in the movie Tomb Raider.

3. Angkor National Museum

• For a deeper understanding of the history and culture behind the Angkorian temples, visit the Angkor National Museum in Siem Reap. It offers a fascinating collection of artifacts and exhibits about the Khmer Empire.

4. Preah Khan

• Preah Khan, another temple within the Angkor complex, is known for its beautiful carvings and extensive layout. It was once a Buddhist monastery and school and remains a peaceful and less-crowded spot for exploration.

Angkor Thom is a spectacular site, rich in history and full of architectural marvels. Whether you are exploring the Bayon Temple’s faces, walking across the Terrace of the Elephants, or simply marveling at the scale of the South Gate, there is much to discover within this ancient city. Visiting Angkor Thom offers a deep dive into the grandeur of the Khmer Empire, and it remains one of the highlights of any trip to Siem Reap.