Overview

Preah Ko is one of the most historically significant temples in the Angkor region, as it marks the beginning of the Khmer Empire’s temple construction. Built in 879 AD, Preah Ko is dedicated to Hindu deities, particularly Shiva, and was part of the capital city Hariharalaya, the predecessor to Angkor. The temple is smaller compared to Angkor Wat but holds its own with intricate carvings, religious symbolism, and an aura of tranquility that allows for an immersive experience.

Etymology: The name "Preah Ko" means "Sacred Bull" in Khmer, which refers to the three statues of Nandi, the sacred bull, that guard the entrance to the temple. Nandi is the vehicle of the Hindu god Shiva, and his presence signifies the temple's connection to Shiva worship.

Features

Architectural Layout

• Six Brick Towers: Preah Ko consists of six brick towers, arranged in two rows of three, standing on a raised sandstone platform. The central tower is the tallest and faces east, symbolizing the entrance to the temple.
• Central Tower: The front central tower is dedicated to Jayavarman II, the founder of the Khmer Empire, while the others are dedicated to the ancestors of King Indravarman I, such as his father Prithivindreshvara and grandfather Rudreshvara.
• Brick Construction: Preah Ko stands out from many other Angkorian temples, as it is primarily constructed from brick instead of sandstone. This gives it a unique aesthetic and texture.
• Carvings and Sculptures: The temple’s walls and lintels feature finely detailed carvings, including representations of deities like Shiva, Vishnu, and other mythological figures. The carvings include motifs of warriors, horses, mythical creatures (nāgas and kala), and celestial beings.

Guardians of the Temple

• Nandi Bulls: The three sacred Nandi bulls are the temple’s most iconic feature. These statues, made of sandstone, are positioned at the front of the temple, facing the central towers. They represent Nandi, the sacred bull associated with Shiva.
• Guardian Lions: At the temple’s entrance, lion statues flank the stairs leading up to the platform. These lion statues, common in Khmer architecture, symbolize protection and are placed at temple entrances to ward off evil spirits.

Sanctuaries

Each tower in the temple is a sanctuary dedicated to an important royal ancestor or consort. The central tower, dedicated to Jayavarman II, is adorned with sculptures and carvings that depict the king’s divine status and connection to Hindu deities.

History

Origins and Construction

Preah Ko was built by King Indravarman I in 879 AD as part of his initiative to establish the city of Hariharalaya as the capital of the Khmer Empire. The temple was commissioned to honor the king’s deified ancestors and to consolidate the royal lineage with divine figures like Shiva. It represents the early stages of Khmer temple architecture and Hindu devotion before Buddhism became the dominant religion in the region.

King Indravarman I was the nephew of Jayavarman II, the founder of the Khmer Empire, and during his reign, he initiated large-scale construction projects, including Preah Ko and the nearby Bakong Temple.

Temple Symbolism

Preah Ko was designed to honor the royal ancestors of the king. The temple’s structure—six towers arranged in two rows—represents both the cosmic mountain and the divine ancestors. Each tower served as a dedicated sanctuary for the deified ancestors and their consorts, symbolizing both the physical and spiritual connection between the king and his ancestors.

Hinduism, particularly the worship of Shiva, was the dominant religion in Cambodia during the 9th century. Preah Ko reflects this devotion through its intricate carvings, which depict both the divine and the human aspects of royal life.

Restorations

In the early 1990s, the temple underwent restoration work, funded by the German government, which helped preserve its unique brick construction and intricate carvings. While it has been affected by the ravages of time and weather, much of its beauty has been restored, allowing visitors to appreciate the temple’s historical and artistic significance.

Entrance Tickets

To visit Preah Ko, you will need to purchase an Angkor Pass, which grants access to several temples in the Angkor Archaeological Park, including Preah Ko, Angkor Wat, Bayon, and other prominent temples.

Ticket Prices:

• 1-Day Pass: $37 (valid for one day across all temples within the Angkor Archaeological Park)
• 3-Day Pass: $62 (valid for three days within a week)
• 7-Day Pass: $72 (valid for seven consecutive days)

The Angkor Pass can be purchased at the official ticket office near Siem Reap, and it is also required to enter the Roluos Group of temples, which includes Preah Ko, Bakong, and Lolei.

Location and Address

• Location: Preah Ko is located in the Roluos Group, approximately 15 kilometers southeast of Siem Reap, Cambodia. It is part of the ancient city of Hariharalaya, the capital of the Khmer Empire before it was moved to Angkor.
• Address: Roluos, Siem Reap, Cambodia
• GPS Coordinates: 13.1292° N, 103.8333° E

Preah Ko is situated in a peaceful, forested area, and its relatively isolated location offers visitors a quieter alternative to the larger and more visited temples of Angkor.

How to Get There (Transportation)

By Car or Taxi

The most convenient way to reach Preah Ko is by hiring a private car or taxi from Siem Reap. The journey takes approximately 30 minutes, depending on traffic. This option is comfortable, especially if you plan to visit multiple temples in the Roluos Group on the same day.

By Tuk Tuk

Tuk tuks are a popular and affordable way to travel around Siem Reap. A tuk tuk ride to Preah Ko typically takes around 30 minutes, providing a more open-air, authentic experience. It’s a great option for those wanting to experience the countryside.

Guided Tours

Many local operators offer guided tours that include Preah Ko, Bakong, and Lolei. These tours usually last a few hours and can be booked in advance or through your hotel. A guide will offer historical context and help navigate the temple complex.

Rental Bikes or Motorbikes

For a more adventurous experience, consider renting a bike or motorbike. The journey to Preah Ko is pleasant, especially during the cooler hours of the day. Siem Reap has several rental shops that offer bikes and motorbikes for daily hire.

Angkor Pass

Remember, an Angkor Pass is required to visit Preah Ko and the other temples in the Angkor Archaeological Park. The same pass grants access to other nearby temples, and a checkpoint will verify your pass before you can proceed.

Travel Tips

Best Time to Visit

• Ideal Time: The best times to visit Preah Ko are during the early morning or late afternoon, when the weather is cooler, and the lighting is ideal for photography. The temple is quieter at these times, allowing you to enjoy a peaceful atmosphere.
• Avoiding Crowds: While Preah Ko sees fewer visitors compared to Angkor Wat, it’s still a good idea to visit during the low season (May to October) to avoid the crowds. This is also when the landscape is lush and green, especially after the rainy season.

What to Bring

• Comfortable Footwear: The temple grounds can be uneven and slightly slippery, so sturdy, comfortable shoes are recommended.
• Sunscreen & Hat: The Cambodian sun can be intense, especially during midday. Protect your skin by wearing sunscreen, sunglasses, and a wide-brimmed hat.
• Water: Cambodia’s heat can be draining, especially when exploring outdoor temples. Bring water to stay hydrated throughout your visit.

Dress Code

Since Preah Ko is a Hindu temple, and Cambodia is a predominantly Buddhist country, it’s important to dress modestly when visiting. Cover your shoulders and knees before entering the temple structures. This is both respectful and required at many temples in Cambodia.

Photography

Preah Ko offers fantastic photo opportunities, especially given its quiet atmosphere and detailed carvings. However, be mindful of other visitors and avoid blocking pathways. If you plan to take photos with a guide, they may assist in positioning you for the best shots.

Nearby Temples to Explore

If you have time, explore other temples in the Roluos Group:

• Bakong: A more complex pyramid temple, still active as a Buddhist monastery.
• Lolei: A small, quieter temple with impressive carvings and located on an island in a reservoir.
• Prei Monti: A lesser-known temple, offering solitude and a sense of ancient mystique.

Avoiding Heat

The weather in Cambodia can be scorching. Visiting in the early morning or late afternoon not only helps avoid the crowds but also gives you a respite from the heat, allowing you to fully enjoy the serenity of Preah Ko.

Preah Ko offers visitors a glimpse into the early architectural and religious history of the Khmer Empire. While smaller and quieter than other Angkor temples, it is rich in symbolism and artistic beauty. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a photography lover, or someone simply seeking tranquility, Preah Ko is an essential part of the Angkor experience.