The Sulamani Temple (Burmese: စူဠာမဏိဘုရား, pronounced [sùlàmənḭ pʰəjá]) is one of the most iconic Buddhist temples in Bagan, Myanmar. Known for its architectural grandeur and historical significance, it stands as one of the most frequently visited temples in the region.

The Sulamani Temple is one of the most revered Buddhist temples in Bagan, Myanmar, known for its grandeur, architectural elegance, and deep historical significance. Built in 1183 by King Narapatisithu, the temple stands as a prime example of ancient Burmese architecture. It attracts thousands of visitors every year who come to explore its intricate design, frescoes, and rich cultural history.

Overview

The Sulamani Temple is located in the Minnanthu Village area, southwest of the famous Bagan Archaeological Zone. The temple is constructed from brick and stone, with detailed frescoes and stunning carvings in the interior. The temple showcases a mix of architectural influences, notably from the Thatbyinnyu and Dhammayangyi Temples, and it served as a model for later constructions like the Htilominlo Temple. The Sulamani Temple is one of the most-visited temples in Bagan due to its beauty and the significance it holds in Burmese Buddhist heritage.

Features

Architecture

The Sulamani Temple is a brick and stone structure, a typical feature of Bagan's architectural style. Its multi-tiered platform rises up with a central tower and several smaller spires surrounding it. The temple's design blends the Mon and Burmese styles, with fine carvings, frescoes, and intricate stonework visible throughout the structure. The interior of the temple houses frescoes depicting various scenes from the life of the Buddha and other religious motifs.

Frescoes and Carvings

One of the defining features of the Sulamani Temple is its frescoes and stone carvings inside the temple. These artworks depict scenes from Buddhist mythology, including the life of the Buddha, and show the artistry of the Bagan period. The frescoes are in remarkable condition and are often highlighted during guided tours.

Restoration Work

After the 1975 earthquake, the Sulamani Temple underwent extensive restoration. The 1994 restoration project was carried out to preserve the temple's grandeur, particularly its frescoes and structural elements. The temple was rebuilt using traditional materials, retaining its original architectural integrity while ensuring its survival for future generations.

History

The Sulamani Temple was constructed by King Narapatisithu in 1183, and it is one of the last major temples built during the Bagan Dynasty. The temple was originally designed as a model for later temples in the region, particularly the Htilominlo Temple. It served both as a place of worship and as a symbol of the king's power.

The Renaissance of Bagan Architecture during the reign of King Narapatisithu is evident in the Sulamani Temple, which reflects the flourishing of architectural techniques and artistic expression in the region. Over time, the temple has faced natural challenges, including earthquakes and the ravages of time. However, restoration work has ensured that Sulamani Temple remains an iconic landmark in Bagan.

The temple also has a cultural significance, with inscriptions found within the temple offering insights into the social and religious practices of the time. These inscriptions detail the donations made by the king and his subjects to the temple, as well as the religious ceremonies that took place there.

Earthquake Damage and Restoration

In 2016, Bagan experienced a severe earthquake that caused damage to several of its temples, including Sulamani. In response to the damage, the Zamani Project led by the University of Cape Town used 3D spatial documentation techniques to create a detailed record of the temple's architecture and frescoes. The documentation project continues to be a valuable resource for understanding and preserving Bagan's cultural heritage.

Entrance Tickets

To visit Sulamani Temple, you need to purchase an Angkor Pass, which covers entry to all the major temples and archaeological sites in the Bagan region. The cost of the pass depends on the duration of your visit:

• 1-day pass: $25
• 3-day pass: $40
• 7-day pass: $50

The pass allows access to a wide range of temples, including Sulamani Temple, and is valid for the duration specified on the ticket. It is important to carry the pass with you during your visit to all sites in Bagan, as it is required for entry.

Location and Address

• Location: Sulamani Temple is located in Minnanthu Village, southwest of the Bagan Archaeological Zone, Myanmar.
• Address: Sulamani Temple, Minnanthu Village, Bagan, Myanmar.

How to Get There (Transportation)

By Car or Taxi

• From Bagan (Old Bagan): The Sulamani Temple is approximately 6-8 km from the central part of Bagan. A taxi or private car can take you there in about 10-15 minutes. It's an easy and comfortable option for those visiting several temples in one day.
• From Nyaung U: Sulamani Temple is about 15-20 minutes by car from the Nyaung U area, where most hotels and guesthouses are located.

By E-Bike or Bicycle

• E-Bikes are a popular and eco-friendly option for exploring Bagan’s temples. Rentals are available throughout Bagan, and the Sulamani Temple is accessible by e-bike from the main tourist area in about 20-30 minutes. You can rent an e-bike for around $5–10 per day.
• Traditional Bicycle rentals are also available, and this can be a fun and more budget-friendly option to explore the temples at your own pace.

By Tuk-Tuk

• You can also take a tuk-tuk from the Old Bagan area to the Sulamani Temple. A tuk-tuk ride will cost around $5–10 USD one way, depending on your bargaining skills.

By Horse Cart

• Horse carts are a traditional way to explore the Bagan temples. Many drivers will offer guided tours that include stops at the Sulamani Temple and other temples in the region. The cost is typically $10–20 for a half-day tour.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit:
   • The best time to visit Sulamani Temple is during the dry season (from November to February), when the weather is cooler and more comfortable for exploring the temples.
   • The sunrise and sunset times are particularly magical, with the temples of Bagan bathed in soft golden light.
2. Dress Modestly:
   • As it is a Buddhist temple, visitors should dress modestly. Wear long sleeves, long pants, and avoid revealing clothing. It's also customary to remove shoes before entering the temple.
3. Hire a Guide:
   • Hiring a local guide can enhance your visit by providing insightful information about the temple’s history and significance. Many guides are available at the entrance of the Bagan temples or can be arranged in advance through your hotel.
4. Bring Water and Snacks:
   • Bagan can get hot, especially during midday. Make sure to carry water and some snacks with you, particularly if you're exploring for several hours.
5. Respect the Site:
   • The temples in Bagan are sacred places, so be respectful while taking photos, and refrain from climbing on the structures or disturbing other visitors.
6. Avoid Crowds:
   • To avoid large crowds, consider visiting early in the morning or later in the afternoon. Early mornings offer a peaceful experience with the added bonus of stunning views of the sunrise.
7. Stay Hydrated:
   • The Bagan Archaeological Zone can get very hot, especially in the summer months. Ensure you have enough water and sun protection like hats and sunscreen.

The Sulamani Temple is an iconic example of Bagan's ancient architectural mastery and spiritual heritage. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a photographer, or a traveler seeking to immerse yourself in the beauty of Myanmar, Sulamani Temple offers a unique and unforgettable experience. With its detailed frescoes, stunning architecture, and rich history, it remains one of the most remarkable sites in the Bagan Archaeological Zone.